febrero, 2018

  • Primer metaanálisis sobre mortalidad entre CABG y Stents arroja como favorable a la Cirugía

    On: 23 febrero, 2018
    In: Cardiología Intervencionista, Investigación
    Views: 831
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    La revista The Lancet publicó un extenso metaanálisis de 11 estudios randomizados entre stents(bare metal o farmacológicos) y cirugía de revascularización miocárdica, para pacientes con enfermedad de múltiples vasos y tronco no protegido de CI. Se basó en la base de datos individuales de todos esos estudios randomizados.

    La conclusión es que los pacientes tratados con cirugía tienen una significativa mejor sobrevida que los tratados con stents, en relación con la complejidad de las lesiones y la presencia de diabetes. No hubo interacción entre el uso de stents convencionales o farmacológicos.

    Los resultados de este importante estudio sobre métodos de revascularización en enfermedad coronaria, el primero que analiza mortalidad, será motivo seguramente de mucha discusión y análisis de subgrupos.

    Summary
    Background
    Numerous randomised trials have compared coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with coronary artery disease. However, no studies have been powered to detect a difference in mortality between the revascularisation strategies.

    Methods
    We did a systematic review up to July 19, 2017, to identify randomised clinical trials comparing CABG with PCI using stents. Eligible studies included patients with multivessel or left main coronary artery disease who did not present with acute myocardial infarction, did PCI with stents (bare-metal or drug-eluting), and had more than 1 year of follow-up for all-cause mortality. In a collaborative, pooled analysis of individual patient data from the identified trials, we estimated all-cause mortality up to 5 years using Kaplan-Meier analyses and compared PCI with CABG using a random-effects Cox proportional-hazards model stratified by trial. Consistency of treatment effect was explored in subgroup analyses, with subgroups defined according to baseline clinical and anatomical characteristics.

    Findings
    We included 11 randomised trials involving 11 518 patients selected by heart teams who were assigned to PCI (n=5753) or to CABG (n=5765). 976 patients died over a mean follow-up of 3·8 years (SD 1·4). Mean Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score was 26·0 (SD 9·5), with 1798 (22·1%) of 8138 patients having a SYNTAX score of 33 or higher. 5 year all-cause mortality was 11·2% after PCI and 9·2% after CABG (hazard ratio [HR] 1·20, 95% CI 1·06–1·37; p=0·0038). 5 year all-cause mortality was significantly different between the interventions in patients with multivessel disease (11·5% after PCI vs 8·9% after CABG; HR 1·28, 95% CI 1·09–1·49; p=0·0019), including in those with diabetes (15·5% vs 10·0%; 1·48, 1·19–1·84; p=0·0004), but not in those without diabetes (8·7% vs 8·0%; 1·08, 0·86–1·36; p=0·49). SYNTAX score had a significant effect on the difference between the interventions in multivessel disease. 5 year all-cause mortality was similar between the interventions in patients with left main disease (10·7% after PCI vs 10·5% after CABG; 1·07, 0·87–1·33; p=0·52), regardless of diabetes status and SYNTAX score.

    Interpretation
    CABG had a mortality benefit over PCI in patients with multivessel disease, particularly those with diabetes and higher coronary complexity. No benefit for CABG over PCI was seen in patients with left main disease. Longer follow-up is needed to better define mortality differences between the revascularisation strategies.

    Funding
    None.

    http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)30423-9/fulltext

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  • Más datos a favor del Prasugrel en síndromes coronarios agudos

    On: 19 febrero, 2018
    In: Cardiología Clínica, Cardiología Intervencionista, Investigación
    Views: 840
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    Un extenso registro de Gran Bretaña muestra nuevamente los beneficios del Prasugrel sobre Ticagrelor y Clopidogrel en pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio supra ST y tratados con angioplastia primaria.
    Ante la ausencia casi definitiva de datos randomizados válidos, ¿deberán incorporarse todas estas evidencias de registros observacionales prospectivos en las guías de tratamiento?

    Abstract
    OBJECTIVES:
    Prasugrel and ticagrelor both reduce ischaemic endpoints in high-risk acute coronary syndromes, compared with clopidogrel. However, comparative outcomes of these two newer drugs in the context of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains unclear. We sought to examine this question using the British Cardiovascular Interventional Society national database in patients undergoing primary PCI for STEMI.

    METHODS:
    Data from January 2007 to December 2014 were used to compare use of P2Y12 antiplatelet drugs in primary PCI in >89 000 patients. Statistical modelling, involving propensity matching, multivariate logistic regression (MLR) and proportional hazards modelling, was used to study the association of different antiplatelet drug use with all-cause mortality.

    RESULTS:
    In our main MLR analysis, prasugrel was associated with significantly lower mortality than clopidogrel at both 30 days (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.97, P=0.014) and 1 year (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.97, P=0.011) post PCI. Ticagrelor was not associated with any significant differences in mortality compared with clopidogrel at either 30 days (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.21, P=0.237) or 1 year (OR 1.058, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.16, P=0.247). Finally, ticagrelor was associated with significantly higher mortality than prasugrel at both time points (30 days OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.44, P=0.020; 1 year OR 1.19 95% CI 1.04 to 1.35, P=0.01).

    CONCLUSIONS:
    In a cohort of over 89 000 patients undergoing primary PCI for STEMI in the UK, prasugrel is associated with a lower 30-day and 1-year mortality than clopidogrel and ticagrelor. Given that an adequately powered comparative randomised trial is unlikely to be performed, these data may have implications for routine care.

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29437885

     

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  • Fundamentos de TAVR Express: Reporte de una larga experiencia con alta precoz de pacientes sometidos a reemplazo percutáneo de válvula aórtica(TAVR). Factores predictivos de alta temprana al día siguiente del implante

    On: 1 febrero, 2018
    In: Cardiología Intervencionista
    Views: 698
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    Abstract:

    Objectives This study sought to investigate predictors and safety of next-day discharge (NDD) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

    Background Information about predictors and safety of NDD after TAVR is limited.

    Methods The study reviewed 663 consecutive patients who underwent elective balloon-expandable TAVR (from July 2014 to July 2016) at our institution. We first determined predictors of NDD in patients who underwent minimalist transfemoral TAVR. After excluding cases with complications, we compared 30-day and 1-year outcomes between NDD patients and those with longer hospital stay using Cox regression adjusting for the Predicted Risk of Mortality provided by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. The primary endpoint was the composite of mortality and readmission at 1 year.

    Results A total of 150 patients had NDD after TAVR and 210 patients had non-NDD. Mean age and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality were 80.7 ± 8.8 years and 6.6 ± 3.7%, respectively. Predictors of NDD were male sex (odds ratio [OR]: 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28 to 3.18), absence of atrial fibrillation (OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.57), serum creatinine (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.55 to 0.92), and age (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93 to 0.98). As expected, 84% of patients with complications had non-NDD. After excluding cases with complications, there was no difference in hazard rates of the 30-day composite outcome between NDD and non-NDD (hazard ratio: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.20 to 1.91), but the hazard of the composite outcome at 1 year was significantly lower in the NDD group (hazard ratio: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.81). This difference in the composite outcome can be explained by the lower hazard of noncardiovascular related readmission in the NDD group.

    Conclusions Factors predicting NDD include male sex, absence of atrial fibrillation, lower serum creatinine, and younger age. When compared with patients without complications with a longer hospital stay, NDD appears to be safe, achieving similar 30-day and superior 1-year clinical outcomes.

    http://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/journal-scans/2018/01/16/13/07/predictors-and-clinical-outcomes-of-next-day-discharge

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